Section 1

Page	Item	Possible Points	Scoring Criteria
4	1	1	1 pt for a statement such as: more washers on the hook more washers more force or gives actual quantities that show the heavier block needs more washers.
4	2	1	1 pt for a statement such as: more washers used when block is heavier pull harder more weight more force or gives actual quantities that show the heavier block needs more washers.
4	3	1	1 pt for a statement such as: less washers used when block is lighter less force less weight or gives actual quantities that show the lighter block needs less washers.
5	1a	0	A:Response describes a design for the experiment, but does not show that the student actually carried out the experiment at this stage. B: Response indicates that the student actually performed the experiment (and hence implicitly designed it). If it is not clear whether Option A or B is appropriate, use whichever option yields the highest score. The default is Option A. C: The response is blank, incomprehensible or the response only gives a conclusion.
5	1	4	A: Response describes a design. Then score as follows: 1 pt: a reasonable part, or step, of running the experiment is mentioned, not including counting washers or repeating the steps across boards. There should be some explicit statement which cues this, such as "put boards at the edge of the table" or "string through hook on board." 1 pt: mentions putting/counting the number of washers on the hook. This may also be implicit, if the actual counts of washers are mentioned, or statements like "more than," "less than" and "in between" are used. 1 pt: mentions doing the same operations for at least two boards. 1 pt: mentions repeating the operations for all three boards. B: student actually performed the experiment. Then score as follows: 1 pt: something is said about procedures used. 1 pt: the number of washers on the hook are counted. 1 pt: repeats operations for at least two boards. 1 pt: repeats the operations for all three boards. C: The response is blank, incomprehensible or only gives a conclusion. Zero points.
6	1	3	1 pt: Includes at least 2 boards. 1 pt: Provides a number of washers for each board. 1 pt: The number of washers increases as the surface roughness increases. Note that there was some variation in the equipment, so that some students will report findings that they felt was rougher than the sandpaper. These answers should be accepted. The plain board must have the fewest washers associated with it.

Section II