Describe an observed event (11.A.1a)
Develop questions on scientific topics (11.A.1b)
Collect data for investigations using measuring instruments and technologies (11.A.1c)
Record and store data using available technologies (11.A.1d)
Arrange data into logical patterns and describe the patterns (11.A.1e)
Compare observations of individual and group results (11.A.1f)
Formulate questions on a specific science topic and choose the steps needed to answer the questions (11.A.2a)
Collect data for investigations using scientific process skills including observing, estimating and measuring (11.A.2b)
Construct charts and visualizations to display data (11.A.2c)
Use data to produce reasonable explanations (11.A.2d)
Report and display the results of individual and group investigations (11.A.2e)

Given a simple design problem, formulate possible solutions (11.B.1a)
Design a device that will be useful in solving the problem (11.B.1b)
Build the device using the materials and tools provided (11.B.1c)
Test the device and record results using given instruments, techniques and measurement methods (11.B.1d)
Report the design of the device, the test process and the results in solving a given problem (11.B.1e)
Identify a design problem and propose possible solutions (11.B.2a)
Develop a plan, design and procedure to address the problem identifying constraints (e.g., time, materials, technology) (11.B.2b)
Build a prototype of the design using available tools and materials (11.B.2c)
Test the prototype using suitable instruments, techniques and quantitative measurements to record data (11.B.2d)
Assess test results and the effectiveness of the design using given criteria and noting possible sources of error (11.B.2e)
Report test design, test process and test results (11.B.2f)

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Identify and describe the component parts of living things (e.g., birds have feathers; people have bones, blood, hair, skin) and their major functions (12.A.1a)
Categorize living organisms using a variety of observable features (e.g., size, color, shape, backbone) (12.A.1b)
Describe simple life cycles of plants and animals and the similarities and differences in their offspring (12.A.2a)
Categorize features as either inherited or learned (e.g., flower color or eye color is inherited; language is learned) (12.A.2b)
Explain how cells function as "building blocks" of organisms and describe the requirements for cells to live (12.A.3a)
Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent with those of organisms produced by two parents (12.A.3b)
Compare and constrast how different forms and structures reflect different functions (e.g., similarities and differences among animals that fly, walk or swim; structures of plant cells and animal cells) (12.A.3c)
Explain how genetic combinations produce visible effects and variations among physical features and cellular functions of organisms (12.A.4a)
Describe the structures and organization of cells and tissues that underlie basic life functions including nutrition, respiration, cellular transports, biosynthesis and reproduction (12.A.4b)
Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy and physiology, embryology, the fossil record, genetics and biochemistry (12.A.4c)
Explain changes within cells and organisms in response to stimuli and changing environmental conditions (e.g., homeostasis, dormancy) (12.A.5a)
Analyze the transmission of genetic traits, diseases and defects (12.A.5b)

Describe and compare characteristics of living things in relationship to their environments (12.B.1a)
Describe how living things depend on one another for survival (12.B.1b)
Describe relationships among various organisms in their environments (e.g., predator/prey, parasite/host, food chains and food webs) (12.B.2a)
Identify physical features of plants and animals that help them live in different environments (e.g., specialized teeth for eating certain foods, thorns for protection, insulation for cold temperature) (12.B.2b)
Identify and classify biotic and abiotic factors in an environment that affect population density, habitat and placement of organisms in an energy pyramid (12.B.3a)
Compare and assess features of organisms for their adaptive, competitive and survival potential (e.g., appendages, reproductive rates, camouflage, defensive structures) (12.B.3b)
Compare physical, ecological and behavioral factors that influence interactions and interdependence of organisms (12.B.4a)
Simulate and analyze factors that influence the size and stability of populations within ecosystems (e.g., birth rate, death rate, predation, migration patterns) (12.B.4b)
Analyze and explain biodiversity issues and the causes and effects of extinction (12.B.5a)
Compare and predict how life forms can adapt to changes in the environment by applying concepts of change and constancy (e.g., variations within a population increase the likelihood of survival under new conditions (12.B.5b)

Identify and compare sources of energy (e.g., batteries, the sun) (12.C.1a)
Compare large-scale physical properties of matter (e.g., size, shape, color, texture, odor) (12.C.1b)
Describe and compare types of energy including light, heat, sound, electrical and mechanical (12.C.2a)
Describe and explain the properties of solids, liquids and gases (12.C.2b)

Identify examples of motion (e.g., moving in a straight line, vibrating, rotating). (12.D.1a)
Identify observable forces in nature (e.g., pushes, pulls, gravity, magnetism). (12.D.1b)
Explain constant, variable and periodic motions l (12.D.2a)
Demonstrate and explain ways that forces cause actions and reactions (e.g., magnets attracting and repelling; objects falling, rolling and bouncing). (12.D.2b)

Identify components and describe diverse features of the Earth's land, water and atmospheric systems (12.E.1a)
Identify and describe patterns of weather and seasonal change (12.E.1b)
Identify renewable and nonrenewable natural resources (12.E.1c)
Identify and explain natural cycles of the Earth's land, water and atmospheric systems (e.g., rock cycle, water cycle, weather patterns) (12.E.2a)
Describe and explain short-term and long-term interactions of the Earth's components (e.g., earthquakes, types of erosion) (12.E.2b)
Identify and classify recyclable materials (12.E.2c)

Identify and describe characteristics of the sun, Earth and moon as familiar objects in the solar system (12.F.1a)
Identify daily, seasonal and annual patterns related to the Earth's rotation and revolution (12.F.1b)
Identify and explain natural cycles and patterns in the solar system (e.g., order of the planets; moon phases; seasons as related to Earth's tilt, one's latitude, and where Earth is in its yearly orbit around the sun) (12.F.2a)
Explain the apparent motion of the sun and stars (12.F.2b)
Identify easily recognizable star patterns (e.g, the Big Dipper, constellations) (12.F.2c)

Use basic safety practices (e.g., not tasting materials without permission, "stop/drop/ roll") (13.A.1a)
Explain why similar results are expected when procedures are done the same way (13.A.1b)
Explain how knowledge can be gained by careful observation (13.A.1c)
Demonstrate ways to avoid injury when conducting science activities (e.g., wearing goggles, fire extinguisher use) (13.A.2a)
Explain why similar investigations may not produce similar results (13.A.2b)
Explain why keeping accurate and detailed records is important (13.A.2c)

Explain the uses of common scientific instruments (e.g., ruler, thermometer, balance, probe, computer) (13.B.1a)
Explain how using measuring tools improves the accuracy of estimates (13.B.1b)
Describe contributions men and women have made to science and technology (13.B.1c)
Identify and describe ways that science and technology affect people's everyday lives (e.g., transportation, medicine, agriculture, sanitation, communication occupations) (13.B.1d)
Demonstrate ways to reduce, reuse and recycle materials (13.B.1e)
Explain how technology is used in science for a variety of purposes (e.g., sample collection, storage and treatment; measurement; data collection, storage and retrieval; communication of information) (13.B.2a)
Describe the effects on society of scientific and technological innovations (e.g., antibiotics, steam engine, digital computer) (13.B.2b)
Identify and explain ways that science and technology influence the lives and careers of people (13.B.2c)
Compare the relative effectiveness of reducing, reusing and recycling in actual situations (13.B.2d)
Identify and explain ways that technology changes ecosystems (e.g., dams, highways, buildings, communication networks, power plants) (13.B.2e)
Analyze how specific personal and societal choices that humans make affect local, regional and global ecosystems (e.g., lawn and garden care, mass transit) (13.B.2f)

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